|
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
The aryl N-methyl carbamates represent a well-known class of insecticides which are active towards parasites belonging to different orders and species.
In Nikles, U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,678, there is disclosed a class of carbamates having the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenyl or a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkinyl radical or has the same meaning as R.sup.2 ; R.sup.2 represents a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenyl radical substituted by 1 or 2 halogen atoms or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl radical substituted by a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylmercapto or nitrile group; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, the same or different, each represents a hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl radical.
These compounds are disclosed as effective pesticides for controlling nematodes, insects and representatives of the order Acarina (acaricides). A drawback of such compounds, however, is that they possess a rather low persistence on the ground so that their insecticidal activity disappears after only a few days in the field.
Other compounds of the same class as above are disclosed in German Pat. No. 1,145,162 (known under the trade designation Aminocarb) and in U.S. Pat. No. 3,084,097 (known under the trade designation Zectran). ##STR2##
These are proposed for combatting Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Acari. Unfortunately, Aminocarb, Zectran and related compounds are also rather toxic to mammalians, having LD50 doses of 30 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg, respectively, when administered orally to test rats.
Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new class of carbamates which exert an insecticide action while exhibiting a longer persistence in the field.
It is another object of this invention to provide a new class of carbamates which has a lower toxicity to warm-blooded animals than the carbamate insecticides of the prior art.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved method of combatting noxious insects through the use of the novel carbamates of this invention as insecticides in the field.
These and other objects which will be apparent from the following description are achieved by the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The compounds of this invention are N-(polychloroallyl)-amino phenols having the general formula: ##STR3## where X is selected from the group consisting of H, Cl and S-R'" where R'" is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, phenyl and substituted phenyl; R' and R" are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyls.
The compounds of Formula I are prepared, in general, by reacting a substituted nitrophenol with methyl isocyanate, reducing the nitro substituent to amino and reacting the amino with a polychloroallyl halide in the presence of a base and halogenhydric end acceptor. Alternatively, the amino can be reacted with 3,3,3-trichloro-2X-propene, having the formula: ##STR4## where X is as described in Formula I, above. The latter reaction, when catalyzed with potassium iodide, results in a purer product, which is a further object of the present invention.
Some of the more preferred carbamates of this invention are those having the following chemical formulae: ##STR5##
These and other compounds prepared in the course of the research that has led to the present invention, have been identified through elemental analysis and infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.
The compounds of Formula I possess a high toxicity towards the parasites belonging to the following groups: Aphides, Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Acari and Nematoda, as resulting from the biological activity examples corresponding to the relevant tests. These compounds can be applied either to plants or in the environment to be disinfested, or directly to the insect to be killed, its habitat or its food.
The carbamate of active N-(polychloroallyl)-aminophenol may be given either by spreading it in the form of a powder or supported on or admixed with an inert carrier. It can also be sprayed as a solution or suspension in water or in other suitable solvents.
The compounds of this invention are relatively nontoxic to warm-blooded animals -- their acute toxicity in rats, when given orally, often exceeds 100 mg/kg, as can be seen from Table 1 in which comparison is made between compounds according to this invention, identified by number, and known insecticides.
TABLE 1
______________________________________
Acute Toxicity on White
Rats, Administered Orally
Compound LD 50 (mg/kg)
______________________________________
Aminocarb 30
Zectran 15
M 6370 100
M 6430 100
M 6738 100
______________________________________
The persistence of the insecticidal activity of compounds according to this invention against various species has been studied in field tests, specifically by comparing the activity of the following compounds. ##STR6## with the following compounds described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,678: ##STR7##
As is shown in Tables 15, 16 and 17 and Examples 25, 26 and 27, following, the compounds of the invention possess a far longer persistence in the field than those of U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,678. This is most unexpected because in laboratory tests comparing the two respective class of these compounds, there is virtually no difference in insecticidal activity between them. For example, the N methyl-carbamate of N'-monosubstituted aminophenol of formula: ##STR8## is only a bit less active than the N-dimethyl substituted homolog. (cfr. R. P. Miskus et al: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 16, No. 4, pg. 605-607 - 1968). Yet, the compounds of these respective classes behave very differently in the field.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
The compounds, methods of preparation and methods of use are further illustrated in the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting.
EXAMPLE 1
This example illustrates the preparation of N-methylcarbamate of 4-methyl-3-(3,3-dichloroallylamino)-phenol (M-6430).
A solution made up of 15.1 g of N-methylcarbamate of 4-methyl-3-amino-phenol and of 10.2 g of 3,3,3-trichloropropene in 50 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was heated to 50.degree. C., under stirring, for 8 hours, in the presence of 0.2 g of potassium iodide. After this time-period the reaction mass was cooled down to 20.degree. C. and, at such temperature, 71. g of triethylamine were gradually added. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, then 100 ml of water and 80 ml of benzene were added, the two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted again with 80 ml of benzene.
The benzene extracts, gathered together, were washed with water, then treated with a 1% HCl solution until reaching a pH = 4 and finally washed again with water.
The resulting organic phase was anhydrified on Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4, the solvent was evaporated at 50.degree. C. and 15 Torr, until an oily residue, weighing 6.5 grams, was obtained.
This residue, when subjected to chromatographic analysis on a thin layer, revealed a main component and three other components in smaller amounts.
The crude oil, left as is, solidified to yield a powder having a melting point of 80.degree.-82.degree. C. (sintering at 78.degree. C.) which, after having been crystallized by a benzene/n-hexane mixture in a 1/1 ratio, yielded 5 grams of crystals having a melting point of 82.degree.-83.degree. C.
Analysis of C.sub.12 H.sub.14 Cl.sub.2 N.sub.2 O.sub.2 C.sub.calc. : 49.85%; C.sub.found : 49.69%. H.sub.calc. : 4.88%; H.sub.found : 4.86%. N.sub.calc. : 9.69%; N.sub.found : 9.35%.
EXAMPLES 2-6
Using the procedure described in Example 1, the compounds shown in Table 2 were prepared from the N-methylcarbamate of the corresponding amino-phenol.
TABLE 2
__________________________________________________________________________
Reference Analysis
Formula Number
M.P. .degree. C
Calc.% Found%
__________________________________________________________________________
##STR9## M 6730
oil C 48.02 H 4.40 N 10.18 NMR consistent with
the formula
C 46.03 H 4.05 N 9.22.sup.(a)
##STR10## M 6436
64-66.degree. C
C 48.02 H 4.40 N 10.18 NMR
C 46.91 H 4.26 N 9.26.sup.(a)
##STR11## M 6430
82-83.degree. C
C 49.85 C 49.69 H 4.86 N 9.35
##STR12## M 6432
107-109.degree. C
N.sub.tot. 9.69 N.sub.carb. 4.85 Cl24.53
N.sub.tot. 9.41 N.sub.carb. 4.75
Cl24.08
##STR13## M 6529
oil C 49.85 H 4.88 N 9.69
C 51.89 H 4.86 N 9.10.sup.(b)
__________________________________________________________________________
5
.sup.(a) From an analytical examination (chromatographic separation on a
thin layer, NMR and elemental analysis) the product was found to contain
impurities due to nitrogen dialkylated derivative.
.sup.(b) The compound was purified on a chromatographic column.
EXAMPLE 7
This example illustrates the preparation of N-methylcarbamate of 3-methyl-6-(2,3,3-trichloroallylamino)-phenol (M 6773).
A solution consisting of 15.1 g of N-methylcarbamate of 3-methyl-6-amino-phenyl and of 12.6 g of 1,2,3,3-tetrachloropropene in 30 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was heated to 50.degree. C. for 8 hours, under stirring, in the presence of 0.2 g of potassium iodide.
At the end of this time-period, the reaction mass was cooled to 20.degree. C. and, at this temperature, 7.1 g of triethylamine were gradually added, always under stirring. The mixture was kept 2 hours under these conditions, then it was added with 100 ml of water and 100 ml of ethyl acetate and transferred into a separatory funnel. The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted again with 100 ml of ethyl acetate. The organic extracts, gathered together, were washed with water, then treated with a 1% HCl solution to a pH value of 5 and finally washed once more with water.
The resulting solution was anhydrified on Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4, treated with decolorizing charcoal and filtered, and the solvent was evaporated at 40.degree. C. and 15 Torr, until an oily residue, weighing 12.5 grams, was obtained. This residue, subjected to chromatographic analysis on a thin layer, revealed a main component and various impurities, two of which at not negligible concentrations. The crude oil solidified upon standing to a waxy solid which, after crystallization with 80 ml of 70% aqueous ethanol, yielded 8.1 g of crystals having a melting point of 127.degree.-29.degree. C.
Analysis of C.sub.12 H.sub.13 Cl.sub.3 N.sub.2 O.sub.2 : C.sub.calc. : 44.54% C.sub.found : 44.66%. H.sub.calc. : 4.05%; H.sub.found : 4.11%. N.sub.calc. : 8.65%; N.sub.found : 8.51%. Cl.sub.calc. : 32.87%; Cl.sub.found : 32.71%.
EXAMPLES 8-13
Using the procedure of Example 7, the compounds shown in Table 3 were prepared from the N-methylcarbamate of the corresponding aminophenyl.
TABLE 3
__________________________________________________________________________
Reference Analysis
FORMULA Number
M.P..degree. C.
Calc% Found%
__________________________________________________________________________
##STR14## M 6740
106-108.degree. C.
C 42.67; H 3.58; N 9.05;
43.35 3.72 8.99
##STR15## M 6739
160-62.degree. C.
C 42.67; H 3.58; N 9.05;
42.74 3.63 9.11
##STR16## M 6738
86.degree. C. de- composition
C 44.53; H 4.04; N 8.65;
44.80 4.35 7.90
##STR17## M 6737
108-10.degree. C.
C 44.53; H 4.04; N 8.65;
45.87 4.43 8.55
##STR18## M 6741
115-17.degree. C.
C 44.54; H 4.05; N 8.65;
45.28 4.19 8.77
##STR19## M 6773
127-29.degree. C.
C 44.54; H 4.05; N 8.65; Cl32.87;
44.66 4.11 8.51 32.71
__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 14
This example illustrates the preparation of N-methylcarbamate of 3-(3,3-dichloro-2-phenylthio-allylamine)-phenol (M 6928).
A solution consisting of 8 g of N-methyl-carbamate of 3-amino-phenyl and of 10.5 g of 2-phenyl-thio-1,1,3-trichloropropene in 50 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was kept at 50.degree. C., under stirring, for 8 hours in the presence of 0.1 g of potassium iodide.
The reaction mass was cooled down to 20.degree. C., then 4.1 g of triethylamine were added gradually and the mixture was kept at room temperature, always under stirring, for two hours. The mixture was then stirred with 50 ml of water and 50 ml of ethyl acetate, the whole was transferred into a separatory funnel and the aqueous phase was extraced two times with 100 ml of ethyl acetate.
The gathered organic extracts were washed with water, then treated with a 2% HCl solution until reaching a pH = 5, successively with a 4% NaHCO.sub.3 solution and, finally, again with water. The resulting organic solution was anhydrified on Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and evaporated at 50.degree. C. and 15 Torr until obtaining 12.8 grams of an oily residue which, when subjected to chromatographic analysis on a thin layer, revealed a component having characteristics corresponding to those of the product to be obtained, as well as several other components, of which not all were at negligible concentrations.
The crude oil was dissolved in 150 ml of benzene and treated with decolorizing charcoal under intense stirring, at room temperature. The solution obtained by filtration from the charcoal was evaporated to a residual volume of 40 ml and added with 120 ml of n-hexane. A solid separated which, after filtering and air-drying, weighed 2.6 g and had a melting point of 60.degree.-62.degree. C.
Analysis of C.sub.17 H.sub.16 Cl.sub.2 N.sub.2 O.sub.2 S: C.sub.calc : 53.27%; C.sub.found : 52.9%. H.sub.calc. : 4.21%; H.sub.found : 4.14%. Cl.sub.calc. : 18.50%; Cl.sub.found : 18.04%. N.sub.calc. : 7.31%; N.sub.found : 6.79%. S.sub.calc. : 8.37%; S.sub.found : 8.87%.
EXAMPLES 15-16
Using the foregoing procedures, the compounds listed in Table 5 were prepared.
TABLE 5
__________________________________________________________________________
Reference Analysis
Formula Number
M.P., .degree. C
Calc.% Found%
__________________________________________________________________________
##STR20## M 7360
172.degree. C. de- composition
Cl.sup.- 11.38 Cl.sub.tot. 34.14
11.21 34.40
##STR21## M 7361
96-98.degree. C.
C51.50 H5.37 N9.24 Cl23.39
52.09 5.54 9.25 22.26
__________________________________________________________________________
| 3-Amino-2-OR-propoxyaryl substituted imidazoles |
Abrasive blade tip |
| Adhesive activated polyester fibrous material |
Adjustable portable bath tub spa |
| Adjustable stator retainer assembly |
Air guide plate |
| Analog sampling filters |
Analogs of 2-Phthalimidinoglutaric acid |
| Anhydrous crystalline forms of gabapentin |
Antagonists of gonadotropin releasing hormone |
| Antennas with integrated windings |
Anthracyclinones |
| Anti-electric protection |
Anti-static anti-bacterial fibers |
| Anti-viral compounds |
Antiviral compounds |
| Apparatus for bagging product units |
Apparatus for feeding boards |
| Apparatus for making plastic articles |
Apparatus for routering tuberous sprouts |
| Apparatus for thermal angioplasty |
Articulated coupling |
| Automatic choke system for carburetor |
Automatic fault recovery arrangement |
| Automatic press roll control |
Automatic trailer hitch |
| Automatically switched headset |
Backhoe stabilizer system |
| Bacon bit finishing method |
Baffle for fluid containers |
| Bale accumulator |
Band clamp fitting structure |
| Battery clamp |
Battery remaining capacity measuring device |
| Bed covering anchor system |
Bioadhesive pharmaceutical delivery system |
| Bird feeder |
Blowing agent compositions |
| Bookmarker |
Breakerless flywheel magneto ignition system |
| Brush rake |
Butterfly damper |
| Cable reel |
Cancel type printing head |
| Cap for caulking cartridge |
Cardiotomy reservoir |
| Case loading apparatus and method |
Clip-carrying bookmarker |
| Coin discrimination system |
Coin dispenser |
| Collet for die bonding |
Combination storage rack |
| Combination tap and die wrench |
Compact frequency selective limiter configuration |
| Composite drawcord/elastic waistband |
Compounds and methods |
| Connector for compressor header |
Connector for display shelving |
| Connectors for structural members |
Contact strip for electrical connector |
| Conveyor lubricating and washing apparatus |
Coordinated engine autothrottle |
| Copper-manganese-zinc brazing alloy |
Cryostat configuration with improved properties |
| Defibrillator method and apparatus |
Degaussing coil |
| Dental swager |
Developing apparatus |
| Device for a bed |
Device with a lifeline |
| Devices for supporting saddles |
Diaphragm valve |
| Digitally controlled switched-mode voltage converter |
Discharge valve |
| Disk device |
Dispenser |
| Dispensing container |
Dispensing head for batching operations |
| Display unit lifter |
Disposable pleural aspiration device |
| Domestic electric squeezer |
Drive control apparatus |
| Dual cycle water chiller |
Duplex feeder jam recovery |
| Dynamic filter |
Dynamic memory with logic-in-refresh |
| Easy opening pinch bottom bag |
Elastic surface wave accelerometers |
| Electric motor control circuit |
Electrical firing system for weapons |
| Electrical signal coupling device |
Electrical snap switch |
| Electrolytic cell |
Electromagnetic clutch |
| Electronic device |
Electronic flash device |
| Electronic tone ringer |
Electrostatic latent image-developing toner |
| Energy activated fibrin plug |
Engine driven hand-operated tool |
| Enhanced biocompatible implants and alloys |
Envelope processing machine |
| Expendable diamond drag bit |
Exterior building product device |
| Farm vehicle |
Fast-accessible socket retainer |
| Fiber process |
Fingerprint development methods |
| Fish scaler |
Fish scaler tool |
| Flame responsive system |
Flash welding apparatus |
| Flashlight |
Flexible contour wheelchair backrest |
| Flexible heat pipe |
Flexographic ink feeding apparatus |
| Fluid applicator engagement device |
Fluid filled engine mount |
| Fluid heat exchanger assembly |
Foaming cosmetic cream |
| Framed covering for architectural opening |
Frangible sabot |
| Freezing tank |
Fuel cell apparatus |
| Fuel systems for engines |
Furopyrimidine derivatives |
| Gas burner |
Gas flow rate measuring device |
| Gas lighter with pivotal clip |
Gas scrubber and method |
| Gas supplying apparatus |
Gem identification viewer |
| Golf accessory |
Golf sand wedge head |
| Golfer stroke-hole indicating devices |
Gravity cooling coil device |
| Growth promotion |
Hand held spray dispenser system |
| Handicap bathtub lift |
Hay handler |
| Heat curing silicone rubber composition |
Heat generator |
| Hemorrhoid inflammation reducing device |
Hemostatic catheter introducer |
| High density dynamic RAM cell |
High output extreme ultraviolet source |
| High performance electric contacts |
High resolution micro-metering valve |
| High-voltage detecting circuit |
Horticulture spraying systems |
| Hot wire packaging machine |
Humidifier for breathable gas apparatus |
| Hydraulic connecting device |
Hydraulic pump control device |
| Hydrogel microencapsulated vaccines |
Illuminated shoe |
| Image recording--of recording sheets |
Image-dependent sharpness enhancement |
| Imaging probe and method |
Immunochromatographic assay method and apparatus |
| Industrial robot with servo |
Inertial barrier array |
| Information signal reproduction control system |
Inhibitors of p38 |
| Ink compositions |
Inkjet stylus |
| Insect trap |
Interactive wagering system with promotions |
| Internal combustion engine |
Internal combustion engine |
| Inverter apparatus |
Irrigating saw blade |
| Irrigation system |
Jettisonable protective cover device |
| Joint for connecting lamp pipes |
Joints |
| Labeling apparatus |
Latch controlled output driver |
| Lateral connector for tube assembly |
Lens-casting cell |
| Lenses and uses, including microscopes |
Ligature for reed instruments |
| Light wave diffraction device |
Linear motion ball bearing |
| Lipoxygenase inhibitory phenylalkanohydroxamic acids |
Liquid jetting apparatus |
| Longitudinal electromagnetic latching optical relay |
Lubricating composition for hot-rolling steel |
| Magnetic disc cartridge |
Magnetic disk system |
| Magnetic face mask |
Magnetic recording flexible disc |
| Magnetic recording medium |
Mechanical actuator |
| Memory cell having conductive sill |
Metallic gasket |
| Metering valve to deliver liquid |
Method for patterning devices |
| Method for producing L-aspartic acid |
Method for telephony call blending |
| Method for treatment of shock |
Method of controlling telecommunications signalling |
| Method of dewatering oil mud |
Method of packaging pharmaceuticals |
| Method of placing a web |
Methods for identifying genomic deletions |
| Mobile communication base station equipment |
Modular shutter |
| Modulated gas radiator |
Moisture activated wiper sensor |
| Mold type semiconductor laser |
Motor vehicle safety devices |
| Multi-2DEG HEMT |
Multi-fuel, combined cycle power plant |
| Multi-function industrial robot |
Multi-layer protective fabrics |
| Multi-purpose framing tool |
Musical container |
| Nanocomposites of dendritic polymers |
Needle structure for tufting machine |
| Negative acting disc brake |
Nestable pouring spout assembly |
| Network controller |
Nickel-based alloy for high-temperature technology |
| Noack-type test unit |
Nopol derived sulfonates |
| Novel adducts |
Ocular surgical system |
| Oil-pressure transmission device |
On-board electric power supply system |
| Optical amplifier |
Optical probe |
| Optically-pumped external-mirror vertical-cavity semiconductor-laser |
Organometallic polymer |
| Ostomy bag holder and cover |
Outdoor stool system |
| Oxidative creatinine assay |
Oxime derivative |
| Oxygen sensor monitoring |
Packaging of absorbent products |
| Paper feeding apparatus |
Partially cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol |
| Passivation of semiconductor laser facets |
Patient cable connector |
| Photoemitter |
Pillars, walls and buildings |
| Pipelined image data compression system |
Piperidinyl thiacyclic derivatives |
| Planar semiconductor device |
Planetary gear type transmission |
| Plastic article with protuberance |
Pneumatically coupled heat sink assembly |
| Point switch |
Polishing composition containing conducting polymer |
| Polymerization processes |
Portable unisex urinal |
| Portable writing means |
Power assisted wheeled carriage |
| Pre-cast heating panel |
Preparation of 1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-6-phenyl-4H-5-triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazep ines |
| Preparation of 2,3-dioxo-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives |
Preparation of indene derivatives |
| Process for preparing polyalkyl tetrahydronaphthalenes |
Process for preparing polyimines |
| Process for producing 5-fluorouracil |
Process for producing acetaldehyde |
| Process for producing catalyst precursors |
Production of meta-isopropylphenolic products |
| Projection system |
Protective helmet assembly |
| Pulse measurement system |
Pumps for Raman amplifier systems |
| Purification of aluminum chloride |
Purification of refrigerant |
| Pyridine derivative and its complex |
Radiator for motor cars |
| Radioimmunoassay agents |
Range finder |
| Receiver for digital signals |
Rechargeable lithium battery construction |
| Recovery of tungsten and rhenium |
Reduced stress plastic package |
| Reinhibition of recycled antifreeze/coolant |
Reorder processing system |
| Representation of designs |
Rocker arm |
| Rolling contact robot joint |
Roof support structure |
| Rotary calciner feed spiral |
Rotary valve |
| Rotating disk extruder |
Rubber/metal combustion seal |
| Rubbery copolymers of 2,3-dimethyl 1,3-butadiene |
Sealing gasket |
| Seeded gas plasma sterilization method |
Self-aligning catheter |
| Self-healing parallel heating tape |
Self-steering railway truck |
| Self-tapping floor screw |
Semiconductor device gate-drain configuration |
| Semiconductor memory device |
Semiconductor photodetector |
| Serialization of elongated members |
Sewage delivery and filtration system |
| Shaft seal |
Sheet metal structural member |
| Shell and tube heat exchanger |
Shopping mall |
| Sign board |
Silicone rubber |
| Simplified UPS system |
Simultaneous telecommunication between radio stations |
| Sliding door closing device |
Smokeless fire kindling device |
| Solder evacuation unit |
Solid sensor |
| Soluble coffee process |
Soybean cultivar S010337 |
| Spatial filtering system |
Spillage control safety floor matting |
| Stable thickened aqueous bleach compositions |
Stand up dustpan |
| Stator arrangement for small motors |
Strain gauge for medical applications |
| Stripper roller manufacturing method |
Submersible thermostatically controlled heaters |
| Substituted benzonitriles |
Surface catalyst infra red laser |
| Suture sleeve assembly |
Swab |
| Switching device for photoflash unit |
Symmetrical bone plate |
| System for measuring misregistration |
Table furniture |
| Talking stick horse |
Television transmission |
| Temperature measuring process and probe |
Thermal protector |
| Thermal transfer printing dye sheet |
Thermally stabilized polyolefin compositions |
| Thickened cleaning composition |
Thiopropanoylamino acid derivatives |
| Three-ring binder with actuating crank |
Tool device for rotary knives |
| Tool Exchange device |
Tool for producing casting cores |
| Toy archery set |
Transducer head assembly |
| Universal sprayer canister |
Urethane coating composition and process |
| Use of 1,4-dihydropyridines in diabetes |
Valve spring compression tool |
| Variable gain switch |
Vehicle headlamp |
| Vehicle perimeter monitor |
Vehicle theft protection device |
| Versatile child's garment |
Vial dispenser |
| Vibration-damping holding element for pipelines |
Visual teaching device |
| Water inlet nozzle |
Water- and oil-repellant composition |
| Web drying apparatus |
Well drilling method and system |
| Wheelchair construction |
Wire or rod jump cups |
| Wireless communication system for vehicle |
Zoelite SSZ-47 |
EXAMPLE 17
Biological Activity on Macrosiphum Euphorbiae (Aphides)
Potato seedlings, cultivated in pots, were infested with adult aphide females and, after a few hours, were sprayed with an aqueous dispersion of the compounds listed in Table 6. The mortality percentage was determined 24 hours after the treatment (on control non-treated seedlings, the mortality percentage was 0).
TABLE 6
______________________________________
Percentage of Macrosiphum
Euphorbiae Females Dead
After Treatment of Potato
Seedlings With 0.01 Percent
Dispersion of Compound
Mortality
Compound Percent
______________________________________
Aminocarb* 46
M 6370 100
M 6430 84
M 6773 75
______________________________________
*comparison
EXAMPLE 18
Biological Activity on Culex Pipiens (Diptera)
Mosquito larvae of the third and fourth ages were introduced into glass pots containing an aqueous dispersion of the compounds shown at 2 ppm and 0.2 ppm. The percent mortality (glass pots containing pure water = 0) of the larvae 24 hours after the treatment is reported in Table 7.
TABLE 7
______________________________________
Percent Mortality of Mosquito
Larvae in Glass Pots Containing
2 Parts per Million and 0.2 Parts
Per Million, Respectively, of
Active Principle, Aqueous Dis-
persion
Percent of Mortality at Concentrations of
Compound 2 ppm 0.2 ppm
______________________________________
Aminocarb*
25 0
M 6370 94 17
M 6430 100 80
M 6740 100 n.d.
M 6738 100 n.d.
______________________________________
n.d. - not determined
*comparison
EXAMPLE 19
Biological Activity on Musca Domestica (Diptera)
Four day old adults were treated by topical application through a microsyringe with 1 mm.sup.3 of an acetonic solution of the compounds shown in such concentrations that they received doses of 5.gamma./insect; 2.gamma./insect; 0.5.gamma./insect of active principle. The mortality percentage 24 hours after the treatment is reported in Table 8 (mortality of insects treated with 1 mm.sup.3 of acetone = 0).
TABLE 8
______________________________________
Mortality Percentage of Adult
Mosquitoes Treated with 5 .gamma.,
2 .gamma. and 0.5 .gamma. of Active Principle
Per Insect
Percent of Mortality at Concentrations
(per insect) of
Compound 5 .gamma. 2 .gamma. 0.5 .gamma.
______________________________________
Aminocarb* 85 50 0
Zectran n.d. 60 0
M 6430 100 100 100
M 6738 100 100 n.d.
______________________________________
n.d. - not determined
*comparison
EXAMPLE 20
Biological Activity on Leptinotarsa Decimlineata Coleoptera
Potato seedlings cultivated in pots were infested with 4-day old larvae and sprayed with an aqueous dispersion of the compounds according to this invention and Aminocarb as a comparison at doses of 0.1 and 0.11%; respectively. The mortality percentage is reported in Table 9. The mortality percentage of the control, untreated seedlings, was zero.
TABLE 9
______________________________________
Mortality Percentage of Leptino
Decemlineata Larvae After
Treatment with Aqueous Dispersions
at 0.1 and 0.01 Percent of Active
Principle
Percent of Mortality Due to Treatment
of the Seedlings With Dispersions of
a.p. at
Compound 0.1% concentr.
0.01% concentr.
______________________________________
Aminocarb* 100 45
M 6370 100 100
M 6430 100 100
M 6740 100 100
M 6738 100 100
______________________________________
*comparison
EXAMPLE 21
Biological Activity on Pieris Brassicae (Lepidoptera)
Cut leaves of cauliflower were sprayed with an aqueous dispersion of compound according to this invention at a 0.1% concentration. After drying, they were infested with 5-day old larvae. The mortality percentage is reported in Table 10. The mortality percentage of the control, untreated leaves, was zero.
TABLE 10
______________________________________
Percentage of Dead Larvae
on Cauliflower Leaves Pre-
treated with an Aqueous Dis-
persion of Active Principle
At 0.1 Percent
Compound Percent of Mortality
______________________________________
M 6370 90
M 6430 100
M 6432 100
M 6737 100
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 22
Biological Activity on Tetranychus Urticae (Acari)
Small discs of bean leaves were infested with acarus eggs and successively treated by spraying with an aqueous dispersion of a compound of this invention and Aminocarb as a comparison, at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.01%. The percentage of mortality is reported in Table 11. The mortality percentage of the control, untreated discs, was zero.
TABLE 11
______________________________________
Mortality Percentage of Acari
Eggs in Small Discs of Bean
Leaves Treated with Aqueous
Dispersion of Active Principle
at 0.1 and 0.01 Percent Con-
centrations
Percent of Mortality at Concentrations of
Compound 0.1% 0.01%
______________________________________
Aminocarb* 40 0
M 6737 100 80
______________________________________
*comparison
EXAMPLE 23
Biological Activity on Spodoptera Littoralis (Lepidoptera)
Cut tobacco leaves were sprayed with a 0.1% aqueous dispersion of compounds according to the present invention, shown in Table 12. After drying, the leaves were infested with 5-day old lepidopter larvae. The mortality percentages of the larvae 48 hours after the treatment are reported in Table 12. The mortality percentage of the control was zero.
TABLE 12
______________________________________
Mortality Percentage of
Lepidoptera Larvae Forty-
Eighy Hours After Treatment
with Dispersion at 0.1 Per-
cent of Active Principle
Compound Percent of Mortality
______________________________________
M 6432 100
M 6737 100
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 24
Biological Activity on Meloidogyne Incognita (Nematoda)
A 1:1 mixture of field earth and sand infested by new-born larvae and eggs of the nematode was treated by uniformly mixing with a hydroacetone dispersion (20% by vol. of acetone) at a concentration of 0.1% and of 0.02% of the compounds under test so as to get soil samples containing 100 ppm and 20 ppm, respectively, of active principle. The soil was introduced into plastic pots and after 5 days, 5 tomato seedlings about 15 cm high were transplanted into each of them. Fourteen days after transplantation, the roots of the seedlings extracted from the soil were examined in order to determine the degree of infestation by counting the galls which had formed.
The nematocide activity is expressed in Table 13 as the percentage of infestation reduction with respect to the control (seedlings transplanted into the same soil treated with a dispersion free from active principle).
TABLE 13
______________________________________
Reduction Percentage of
Nematode Infestation On
Tomato Seedlings Grown in
Soil Containing One Hundred
Parts Per Million and Twenty
Parts Per Million, Respectively,
of Active Principle
Reduction of Infestation
Compound 100 ppm 20 ppm
______________________________________
Aminocarb* 95 0
M 6370 100 100
M 6430 100 88
______________________________________
*comparison
EXAMPLE 25
To show the variation in activity from one compound to another, depending on the species used, the activities of compounds according to this invention were investigated at different concentrations, expressed as percent of active principle, on various infesting species. The results are reported in Table 14. The mortality percentage was computed in the same way as in the preceding examples.
TABLE 14
Percentage of mortality on various infesting insects caused by compounds
of this invention, at different active principle concentrations (in %)
Mac- Eu- rosi- phor- Dec- Anti- phum biae Brass-
Lept- em- Pip- Tet- Urt. Tet- Urt. Spo- Litto- cholest- % Pieris
icae inot lin Culex iens tran adults tran eggs dopt. ralis Reference
Structural erase %. mort. %. % %. % p.p.m. % %. % %. % %. % Number
Formula Activity a.p. " a.p. mort. a.p. mort. a.p. mort. a.p. mort. a.p.
mort. a.p. mort.
M 7360
##STR22##
HCl 10, 10,01 100 95 42 1 45 10, 10,01 100100 0 20,20,02 100 37 0 1 23
1
6 M 7361
##STR23##
10,10,01 100. 81 17 10,10,01 100 97 15 10,10,01 100 97 52 2 40 10,1
8527 1 13 10,10,01 100 72
7
The following Examples, numbered 25-27, and the accompanying Tables are presented by way of comparing the persistence of insecticidal activity in the field between compounds according to this invention and compounds according to U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,678, referred to above.
EXAMPLE 25
The persistence of insecticidal activity in the field using the insect Pieris brassicae was examined as follows:
Cauliflower plants grown under natural conditions in the field were sprinkled with an aqueous suspension of compounds according to this invention identified hereinabove as M 7361 and M 8157. For purposes of comparison, cauliflower plants were sprinkled with an aqueous suspension of a compound according to U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,678, identified hereinabove as M 7481.
After the respective time periods shown in Table 15, leaves of the sprinkled plants were picked and brought to the laboratory where they were infested with 10-day old larvae of Pieris brassicae and then kept under observation. The percent of mortality of the insects was determined 48 hours after infestation in all cases. The results are summarized in Table 15. The percent mortality of the control, unsprinkled cauliflower leaves, was zero.
TABLE 15
______________________________________
Mortality Percent of Pieris
Brassicae Larvae at Doses of
0.5 Percent of Insecticide
2 5 9 14 17 22
hours days days days days days
______________________________________
M 7361 100 100 100 100 100 100
M 8157 100 100 100 100 100 100
M 7481* 100 55 30 0 0 0
______________________________________
*comparison
It is shown that the insecticides of this invention, M 7361 and M 8157, fully retain their insecticidal activity in the field for periods of at least 22 days after application, while the prior art insecticide, M 7481, begins to lose its activity within 2 to 5 days and is totally ineffective after only 14 days.
EXAMPLE 26
The persistence of insecticidal activity in the field using the insect Spodoptera littoralis was examined as follows:
Ricinus plants grown in the field under natural conditions were sprinkled with an aqueous suspension of the insecticidal compounds according to this invention designated hereinabove as M 7361 and M 8157. For purposes of comparison, an aqueous suspension of each of M 7481 and M 7488, according to U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,678 and identified above, was sprinkled on similarly grown Ricinus plants.
After the time periods shown in Table 16, leaves of the sprinkled plants were picked and brought to the laboratory where they were infested with 10-day old larvae of Spodoptera littoralis and then kept under observation. After 48 hours, the percent of mortality of the insects was determined, and the results are summarized in Table 16. The mortality percent of the control unsprinkled leaves was zero.
TABLE 16
______________________________________
Mortality Percent of Spodoptera
Littoralis Larvae at Doses of
One Percent of Insecticide
2 5 11 14 18 25
hours days days days days days
______________________________________
M 7361 100 100 100 100 100 100
M 8157 100 100 100 100 100 100
M 7481* 100 100 77 60 47 40
M 7488* 100 92 47 38 22 0
______________________________________
*comparison
Here too, using a different species of insect for test purposes, the compounds of the present invention exhibit a much greater degree of persistence in insecticidal activity in comparison with those of U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,678 after application and exposure to natural, real-life conditions.
EXAMPLE 27
The persistence of insecticidal activity in the field using the insect Leptinotarsa decemlineata was examined as follows:
Potato plants grown in the field under natural conditions were sprinkled with an aqueous suspension of compound M 7361 which is according to this invention and identified hereinabove. For purposes of comparison, similarly grown potato plants were sprinkled with an aqueous suspension of the compounds M 7488 and M 7481, respectively, both according to U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,678 and identified above.
After the time periods shown in Table 17, leaves of the sprinkled plants were picked and brought to the laboratory where they were infested with 10 day-old larvae of Leptinotarsa decemlineata and then kept under observation. After 48 hours, the percent of mortality of the insects was determined. The results are shown in Table 17. The mortality percent of the control unsprinkled leaves was zero.
TABLE 17
______________________________________
Mortality Percent of Leplinotarsa
Decemlineata at Doses of 0.2 Percent
2 4 7 11 18 25
hours days days days days days
______________________________________
M 7361 100 100 100 100 100 73
M 7481* 100 60 20 0 0 0
M 7488* 100 70 20 10 0 0
______________________________________
*comparison
From the above, it is demonstrated that the compounds according to this invention consistently display a longer persistence of insecticidal activity under field conditions in comparison with those of the prior art as represented by U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,678.
Other modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above description. It is to be understood, therefore, that changes may be made in the particular embodiments disclosed above which are within the full intended scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
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